Introduction And Classification Of Encoders

November 08, 2022

High-quality encoders are devices that encode signals (such as bitstreams) or data and convert them into signals that can be used for communication, transmission and storage. The encoder converts either angular displacement or linear displacement into electrical signals, the former called a code dial and the latter called a yardstick. According to the readout mode encoder can be divided into contact type and non-contact type two; According to the working principle of good encoders can be divided into incremental and absolute two types. Incremental encoders convert the displacement into periodic electrical signals, which are then converted into counting pulses. The number of pulses represents the displacement. Each position of the Absolute Encoder corresponds to a certain digital code, so its indication value is only related to the starting and ending position of the measurement, and has nothing to do with the middle process of measurement.

High quality encoders can be classified in the following ways.
1, according to the hole carving way of the code plate
(1) Incremental type: That is, A pulse signal is sent out every time the unit Angle is rotated (there is also A sine and cosine signal, and then it is subdivided to chopper out the pulse with higher frequency), which is usually the output of phase A, phase B and phase Z. Phase A and phase B are the pulse output with a mutual delay of 1/4 cycle. The positive and negative rotation can be distinguished according to the delay relation. And by taking the rising and falling edges of phase A and phase B can double or quadruple the frequency; The Z phase is a single loop pulse, that is, one pulse per loop. Generally, the Incremental Encoder has no internal memory device, so it does not have the function of power off data retention. The CNC machine tool must be operated by "back reference point" to determine the counting reference and carry out the actual position "zero clearing".
(2) Absolute value type: it is corresponding to a circle, and each reference Angle sends out a unique binary value corresponding to the Angle. Multiple positions can be recorded and measured by external loop recording devices. The output of the absolute encoder directly reflects the absolute Angle within a range of 360°, and the absolute position can be identified by the amplitude of the output signal or the physical coding scale of the grating. The former is called Rotating Transformer. The latter is called Absolute value Encoder.
/ High Frequency Encoder

2, according to the output type of the signal is divided into: voltage output, collector open circuit output, push and pull complementary output and long line drive output.
3, in the form of high quality encoder mechanical installation classification
(1) Shaft type: shaft type can be divided into clamping flange type, synchronous flange type and servo installation type, etc.
(2) bushing type: bushing type can be divided into half-empty type, full-empty type and large-caliber type, etc.
4, with good encoder working principle can be divided into: photoelectric type, magnetoelectric type and contact brush type.

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